[Hesburgh Lecture] 工作绩效刑事化:早期中国帝国（公元前221年至公元9年）的残酷完美主义
- 日期
- 2025年一月三日
- 时间
- 16:00-17:30
- 地点
- SCT 503
- 讲者
- Dr. Liang CAI
- 主持
- (回应): Prof. Ellen ZHANG
- 语言
- 英文
摘要
商鞅和韩非子雄辩地阐述了将工作绩效刑事化的法律和重刑的有效性。法律详细的设立工作的目标，并对未达到绩效目标的违法者施加与其错误不成比例的重罚，让其承受难以忍受的痛苦。 他们认为，在法律详细的规定和重罚之下，没有人敢欺骗君主或违反法律。他们断言，重刑的目的是消除进一步惩罚的需要，以罚去罚，从而创造一个无犯罪的乌托邦。
通过考察考古发掘的法律法规和案件以及传世文献，本文展示了当残酷的工具主义和理想主义应用於现实政治时，它们产生了一个扭曲正义怪物一般的法律体系。秦汉法律体系过度惩罚行政错误，将其视为犯罪。为了提高效率，以绩效为导向的立法对官员设定了严格、详细和高标准的工作目标和完全责任制。官员，包括那些勤勉工作的官员，非常容易违反各种法律法规。过度的惩罚意味著，因行政错误而犯罪的官员遭受了与故意用暴力对社会造成严重损害的犯罪者同样的身体痛苦和经济损失。当惩罚以过度为标准而不公正时，人们对法律产生了怨恨，并对被惩罚者产生了同情。这一突出的问题在学者、官员，甚至有时在皇帝中引发了持续的激烈讨论和批评。 但西汉两百年间从未进行过有效的法律改革。本研究旨在提供一个历史案例，以引发对完美主义在现实中危险应用的思考，并力图解释儒家长期以来反对法治传统的一些历史根源。
回应
Prof. Ellen Zhang is the Head of Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, University of Macau, and a Research Fellow of Centre for Applied Ethics, Hong Kong Baptist University.
Dr. Liang CAI
讲员简介
Dr. Liang Cai received her Ph.D. from Cornell University and currently serves as an associate professor of history at the University of Notre Dame. She specializes in Chinese political and intellectual history, with a focus on the Qin-Han dynasties (221 BCE - 23 CE). Dr. Cai's publications cover topics such as Confucianism, bureaucracy, law, social networks, and archaeologically excavated manuscripts. She has also collaborated with computer scientists on a digital humanities project aimed at creating structured biographical data and conducting social network analysis of early Chinese empires, particularly those in the Qin-Han period, which is considered the fountainhead of Chinese civilization.
Dr. Cai’s first book Witchcraft and the Rise of the First Confucian Empire contests long-standing claims that Confucianism came to prominence with the promotion of Emperor Wu in the Han dynasty. She argues that it was a witchcraft scandal in 91–87 BCE that created a political vacuum and permitted Confucians to rise to power, ultimately transforming China into a Confucian regime. Her book won the 2014 Academic Award for Excellence presented by Chinese Historians in the United States and was a finalist for the 2015 Best First Book in the History of Religions presented by the American Academy of Religion.
Her other selected publications appear in The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, the Journal of the American Oriental Society. the journal of Asian studies. Dr. Cai is finishing her second book entitled Convict Politics: From Utopia to serfdom in Early China (221 BCE - 23 CE) (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press). This book aims to provoke further thought on utopian thinking and its dangerous application in real politics.